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|leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = Elizabeth II |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = David Johnston |leader_title3 = Prime Minister |leader_name3 = Justin Trudeau |leader_title4 = Chief Justice |leader_name4 = Beverley McLachlin |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = House of Commons |sovereignty_type = Establishment |sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom |established_event1 = Constitution Act, 1867 |established_date1 = July 1, 1867 |established_event2 = Statute of Westminster |established_date2 = December 11, 1931 |established_event3 = Patriation |established_date3 = April 17, 1982 |area_km2 = 9,984,670 |area_sq_mi = 3,854,085 |area_rank = 2nd |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |percent_water = 8.92 (891,163 km344,080 mi) |population_estimate = 35,851,774 |population_estimate_year = Q3 2015 |population_estimate_rank = 37th |population_census = 33,476,688 |population_census_year = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 3.41 |population_density_sq_mi = 8.3 |population_density_rank = 228th |GDP_PPP = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=International Monetary Fund )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 15th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $45,489〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 20th |GDP_PPP_per_capita_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal = 〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 11th |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $43,935〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 15th |GDP_nominal_per_capita_year = 2015 |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = |Gini = 33.7 |Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GINI index )〕 |Gini_rank = 103rd |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.902 |HDI_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Table 1: Human Development Index and its components )〕 |HDI_rank = 8th |currency = Canadian dollar ($) |currency_code = CAD |utc_offset = −3.5 to −8 |utc_offset_DST = −2.5 to −7 |date_format = |drives_on = right |calling_code = +1 |cctld = .ca }} Canada () is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three territories, in the northern part of the continent of North America. It extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles) in total, making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's common border with the United States forms the world's longest land border. Canada is sparsely populated overall, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra as well as the mountain range of the Rocky Mountains; about four-fifths of the population live near to the southern border. The majority of Canada has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. The land now called Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various conflicts, the United Kingdom gained and lost North American territories until left, in the late 18th century, with what mostly comprises Canada today. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1, 1867, three colonies joined to form the autonomous federal Dominion of Canada. This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion. In 1931, Britain granted Canada near total independence with the Statute of Westminster 1931 and full sovereignty was attained when the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament. Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, Queen Elizabeth II being the current head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries, with a population of approximately 35 million as of 2015. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally, and the eighth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. Canada is a Commonwealth Realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie, and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the G8, the Group of Ten, the G20, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. ==Etymology== (詳細はSt. Lawrence Iroquoian word ''kanata'', meaning "village" or "settlement". In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Cartier later used the word ''Canada'' to refer not only to that particular village, but the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona);〔 by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this region as ''Canada''.〔 In the 17th and early 18th centuries, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas; until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, ''Canada'' was adopted as the legal name for the new country, and the word ''Dominion'' was conferred as the country's title. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, which refers only to ''Canada''. Later that year, the national holiday was renamed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. The term ''Dominion'' is also used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term ''federal'' had replaced ''dominion''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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